According to the research of Bohm and Jacopini "all programs could be written in terms of only three control structures". The Sequence structure, the Selection structure and the Repetition structure.
Another "if statement" that is derived from the "if" structure is the conditional operator(if:). The if 1 < 10 then "this" otherwise "this". There is also the if else, if else, if else, if else + structure which gives you the ability to keep adding a test and execute a statement or proceed too more test. Also, another derived structure is the nested for loop which can perform transformations or action per multiple and different counts.